GPS-X Technical Reference

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GPS-X Version 8.5


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Trademarks

GPS-X and all other Hatch trademarks and logos mentioned and/or displayed are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hatch in Canada and in other countries.

ACSL is a registered trademark of AEgis Research Corporation

GPS-X uses selected Free and Open-Source licensed components. Please see the readme.txt file in the installation directory for details.

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Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1. 8

Modelling Fundamentals. 8

Introduction to Modelling and Simulation. 8

Benefits of Mathematical Modelling. 11

Physical Plant Data. 13

Operational Plant Data. 14

Influent Wastewater Characteristics. 15

Biological Reactor and Final Settler 15

A Typical Calibration Event 22

CHAPTER 2. 23

GPS-X Objects. 23

What is an Object?. 23

Types of Objects. 23

CHAPTER 3. 27

GPS-X Model Libraries. 27

What is a Library?. 27

Types of Libraries. 27

Comprehensive – Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, pH (MANTIS2LIB) 28

Selenium and Sulfur (MANTIS2SLIB) 41

Carbon Footprint – Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, pH (MANTIS3LIB) 48

Process Water Treatment Library (PROCWATER) 50

Petrochemical Wastewater Library (MANTISIWLIB) 62

State Variables. 73

CHAPTER 4. 82

GPS-X Composite Variable Calculations. 82

What is a Composite Variable?. 82

Stoichiometry Settings. 82

Stoichiometry Calculations. 82

Composite Variables in MANTIS2LIB.. 84

Composite Variables in MANTIS3LIB.. 92

Composite Variables in MANTIS2SLIB.. 92

Composite Variables in PROCWATERLIB.. 102

Composite Variables in MANTISIWLIB.. 109

CHAPTER 5. 116

Influent Models. 116

Introduction. 116

Influent Advisor 116

Influent Objects in MANTIS2LIB, MANTIS2SLIB, MANTIS3LIB.. 120

Influent Objects in PROCWATERLIB.. 135

Influent Objects in MANTISIWLIB.. 140

CHAPTER 6. 142

Suspended Growth Models. 142

Introduction. 142

Common Features. 142

Summary of Aeration Input Parameters. 159

Aeration Output Variables. 171

Air Delivery Head-loss Model 173

Activated Sludge Biological Models. 177

Special Activated Sludge Units. 180

Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) 180

Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (Manti2, Mantis2S and Mantis3 only) 190

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) 192

Oxidation Ditch. 196

Continuous Flow Sequencing Reactor (CFSR) 201

High Purity Oxygen (HPO) System.. 205

CHAPTER 7. 216

Attached-Growth Models. 216

Introduction. 216

Trickling Filter Model 217

Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) Model 226

Submerged Biological Contactor (SBC) Model 230

Simple Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) Model 235

Advanced Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) Model 238

Passively Aerated biofilm system.. 245

Aerobic granular sludge reactor 247

Hybrid System.. 247

Denitrification Filter 249

Membrane-Aerated Bioreactor (MABR) – Hollow Fibre. 251

Membrane-Aerated Bioreactor (MABR) – Flat Sheet 260

High-Rate Primary Filter 263

High-Rate Biological Filter 266

CHAPTER 8. 269

Sedimentation and Flotation Models. 269

Sedimentation Models. 269

Types of Settlers/Clarifiers. 281

Flotation Model 282

CHAPTER 9. 287

Sand Filtration Models. 287

Introduction. 287

Continuous Model 287

Mass Balance Model 288

One-Dimensional Model 289

CHAPTER 10. 292

Digestion Models. 292

Basic Anaerobic Digestion Model 292

Aerobic Digestion Model 309

UASB/EGSB Model 309

CHAPTER 11. 313

Other Models. 313

Splitters. 313

Control Splitter 313

Pumping Station. 314

Membrane Filter 315

Equalization Tank. 316

Sludge Pre-treatment 316

In-line Chemical Dosage Object 317

Grit Chamber 324

Struvite Precipitation Model 324

Chemical Disinfection Unit 326

UV Disinfection Object 336

Dewatering. 336

Centrifuge, Gravity Belt Thickener, and Belt Filter Press. 340

Disc, Belt and Drum Microscreens. 341

Hydrocyclone (differential) 342

High-Rate Model (highrate) 342

Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) 349

Incinerator 350

Sludge Drying. 350

Evaporator (procwaterlib only) 351

Settling Pond (procwaterlib only) 353

Neutralization (procwaterlib only) 354

Lime Softening (procwaterlib only) 355

Ion Exchange (procwaterlib only) 356

Decarbonation Tower (procwaterlib only) 359

Deaerator (procwaterlib only) 360

Flocculator (procwaterlib only) 361

Retention Pond (procwaterlib only) 363

Reverse Osmosis (procwaterlib only) 363

Utilities (procwaterlib only) 365

API (mantisiwlib only) 374

Black Box. 378

Pipe Model 378

Pump Model 379

Building. 387

Receiving water Object 389

CHAPTER 12. 391

Tools and Process Control Objects. 391

Sampler 391

Modeling Toolbox. 392

ON/OFF Controller 394

PID Controller 395

Feedforward-Feedback Controllers. 402

Timer Controller 405

Multivariable Controllers. 406

Flow Timer Controller 406

Scheduler Controller 407

CHAPTER 13. 411

Operating Cost Models. 411

Introduction. 411

Model Structure. 411

Operating Cost Model Parameters. 414

Operating Cost Model Output Variables. 418

Calibration of Operating Cost Models. 420

CHAPTER 14. 422

Optimizer 422

Introduction. 422

Optimizer Description. 422

Objective Function Options. 424

Termination Criteria. 426

Types of Optimization. 428

Summary of the Optimizer Settings and Parameters. 430

Optimization Strategies. 435

Appendix A:  Maximum Likelihood Method. 436

Appendix B:  The Optimizer Solution Report 441

Appendix C:  Nomenclature. 456

Appendix D:  References. 458

CHAPTER 15. 460

Miscellaneous. 460

Statistical Criteria to Evaluate Simulation Results in Wastewater Treatment Modelling. 460

Measured Data Types. 461

Statistical Indices. 462

Statistical Plots. 464

Residual Plots. 465

Real Time Clock. 468

Steady-State Solver 468

Numerical Control 471

Large Models. 474

Integration Considerations. 474

CHAPTER 16. 477

Legacy Libraries. 477

Appendix E: State Variables. 477

Appendix F: Composite Variable Calculations. 482

Appendix G: Legacy Library Influent Model 494

Appendix H: Suspended Growth Model 508

Appendix I: Sedimentation and Flotation Models. 532

Appendix J: Digestion Model for Legacy Libraries. 533

Appendix K: Tools and Process Control Objects. 537